Calculating apparatus for use in printing



Sept. 14, 1937. J. D. BoLoNGARp CALCULATING APPARATUS FOR USE IN PRINTING Filed Nov. 27, 1934 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 WITNESS ,9%76MMWW A Troie/VE YS Y Sept. 14, 1937. J. D. BoLoNGRo CALCULATING APPARATUS FOR USE IN PRINTING Filed Nov. 27, 1954 5 Sheets--Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS SePt- 14, 1937. J. D. BLONGARQ 2,093,142

CALCULATING APPARATUS FOR USE IN PRINTING Filed Nov. 27, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 BY (zum ATTORNEYS.

Patentes sept. 14, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CALCULATING APPARATUS FOR USE IN y PRIN TING

7 Claims.

This invention relates to the art of printing, and more particularly to a device for use in determining the space to be occupied by a typewritten manuscript in a printed publication.

In the printing art it is necessary to predetermine the spacing of the type which will be required to print the subject-matter oi a typewritten manuscript, in order properly to make up the printed matter, so that the latter will present a uniform and artistic appearance. 'I'his is particularly true in the printing of books, magazines and periodicals which comprise a plurality of successive pages over which the printed matter is to be distributed and which include other matter, such as illustrations, inserts, and

the like, which encroach upon the sight or printing eld oi the page.

Heretofore words have been the units utilized in attempting to determine the spacing of the matter to be printed from a typewritten manuscript. 'Ihat is to say, the number of words per page are counted and an average over a number of pages is arrived at, this average being utilized as a guide in making up the matter to 25 be printed. For instance, in a magazine of a current class the average number of words in a full page of twelve point type has been found to be about three hundred and ninety, equalling ten words per line with thirty-nine lines to a 30 page. It has definitely been determined, however, that the number oi words per full page is by no means a constant factor, the calculation being altered materially, for instance, by dialogue in short stories and technical articles containing long words, etc. The result has been that when a magazine is planned as above described, an article which was intended to end at the foot of a given page, was frequently found to run over into the next page when the copyvwas returned from the printer, thereby spoiling the pre-arranged plan and requiring re-arrangement of everything that followed; or the article might stop short of the end of the intended page and F leave a blank space, thus compelling the editor to devise ways and means for illling such space. The above described method therefore is haphazard and uncertain and accordingly is not dependable.

It is the object of this invention to provide a novel and simple device that will accurately determine the number of lines of type of a given length that will be used in printing the subjectmatter ofv a typewritten manuscript in order that an editor may prepare a skeleton of the magazine or periodical to be published which is truly representative of the publication in its finally printedform.

In accordance with one form of the invention there is provided a pointer which is movable horizontally across the face of a platen adapted to feed the typewritten manuscript to be printed. The pointer is operatively connected to a means which moves through a number of unit distances corresponding to the number of letter spaces traversed by the pointer in moving along a line of the typewritten manuscript. This means is operatively connected to and controls the movement of a second means which is caused to move through a number ci unit distances proportional tc the space occupied by an equal number of letter spaces of a predetermined printed type, said second means being operatively connected to means which operate a register, counter, or other mechanism when said second means has moved an amount proportional to the number of letter spaces contained in a line of predetermined printed type. In the preferred form of the invention, interchangeable means are provided to make it possible for my device tc analyze manuscripts written in either one of two predetermined types of typewritten matter in terms of printed lines of a predetermined length and type without necessitating any change in the machine.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig. l is a plan view of a device embodying my invention with the cover plate removed to show the relation of the elements;

Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 2--2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of Fig. 1 showing the means for operating the device;

Fig. 4 is a section taken on line I-I of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of Fig. 1 showing the gear mechanism controlling the operation of the counter.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the numeral I designates the base oi my device to which are fastened by any suitable means the upwardly extending plates or supports 2, 3, 4, and 5. A removable cover plate l2 is mounted on the upper ends ot' the supports 2, 3, 4, and 5 as shown in Fig. 2. A frame 'l is supported on the rearwardly projecting extensions 6 of the vsupporting plates l and 4 by the projections 8 and bearings 9 integral therewith which seat in the depressions Ill and Il respectively on the upper ends of the extensions 6. The bearings 9 are adapted to receive a platen shaft I3 on which is mounted a rotative cylindrical platen 'shaft i3 and held rmly in place thereon by set screws ll. Mounted on the frame l in cooperative relation with the platen lil is a paper table i8 adapted to direct an inserted sheet of paper to the bight between the platen lli and the main feed rollers I9; see Figs. 2 and 3. 'Ihe latter are supported from a shaft i6 mounted on the frame i which also supports the forward feed rollers 26 in such a position that they cooperate witn the paper to feed it upwardly as one or both of the hand wheels l5 are turned in y a rearward direction. Margin feed rollers 2l of the construction known in the typewriter art are provided to 'hold the paper against the surface of the platen lll, such rollers being supported from a cross bar 21a.

The platen lf3 and the paper feed mechanism cooperative therewith are of the usual construction employed in typewriting machines and further detailed description thereof is deemed unnecessary.

Supported at its ends by the supporting plates 3 and l is a cross bar 30 having a shouldered portion 3l (Fig. 2) which serves as a guide for a pointer 32 as will hereinafter be explained. The pointer 32 is attached at its base by means of a set screw 34 to a block 35 slidably mounted on a screw shaft 33. The block 35 is so -designed and the cross bar 36 and shaft `33 are so situated with respect to the platen lll that the end of pointer 32 is held tangentially to the platen, in cooperative relation with the lines of typewritten matter on a sheet wound on the platen. A screw member 36., in threaded engagement with the block 35, is adapted to extend into and engage the helical groove 3l on the shaft 33. Thus when the screw shaft 33 is rotated, as will be explained, the block 35, which is prevented from rotating therewith by suitably positioned projections `38 and 39 thereon, which respectively engage the upper and lower sides of the shouldered guiding portion 3l of the cross bar 30, is moved horizontally by the shaft 33 to carry the pointer 32 across the face of the platen I4 in one or the other direction.

The screw shaft 33 extends the width of the space between the supporting plates 3 and ll and is supported by the extensions il and l2 of reduced diameter on each end thereof, which are journalled inthe supports 2, 3, and ll, 5, respectively. Mounted on a reducted section at the outer end of extension 32, exterior to the mounting plate 5, is a spur gear 33 which is held in position on such extension by a washer 611i and a screw 35 in threaded engagement with the end of the extension. A gear 36 having a hub ll is mounted on a rotatable stud shaft 33 which extends through an opening in the supporting plate 5 and ends in a flange 59. A set screw 5l, in threaded engagement with the hub lll, serves to Y hold the gear 56 on the shaft 48. A hand crank 5l) is mounted on the outer end of shaft 48 and is held in place thereon by l means of the set screw 52, so that rotation of the hand crank 50 will rotate the shaft 58 and the gear 46. An idling gear 53 which transmits the movement of gear 56 to gear 43, is rotatably mounted therebetween at 22 on thesupporting plate 5. Thus, according to this arrangement, when the hand vcrank 50 is turned in either a rearward or forward direction, the pointer 32 is caused to be moved horizontally either to the left or right through the medium of the train of ,fears 46, 53

and i-S andthe shaft 33. In the preferred form of my invention, I use a screw shaft 33 having a diameter of 1/2" and the gears 153, [i6 and 53 are provided with l2, '72, and 192 teeth, respectively, of 48 pitch, so that the pointer 32 can be moved completely across a typ-ewritten line of approximately six inches in length with two revolutions of the hand crank 50. The dimensions of these parts, however, may be varied to suit the operator and-the conditions under which the device is used.

Mounted adjacent to the outer sides of the supporting plates 3, on the reduced extensions 4l, l2 ofthe shaft 33 and afxed thereto byset screws are the gears 55 and 56 respectively. Gear 55 forms part of and controls the movement of a train of gears which may be operatively connected to a registering, counting, or other mechanism, as will be later explain-ed and are designed to cause such mechanism to operate when the pointer 32, in moving from left to right across the platen, looking at Fig. l, traverses a pointer 32 ltraverses a number of unit spaces ocq cupied by letters of the elite type equivalent to the number of letter spaces contained in a line of predetermined type. In the present instance, the gears 55 and 56 are designed to have 15 and 18 teeth, respectively, of 32 pitch, so that one complete revolution of gear 55 corresponds to a movement by the pointer 32 of 15 letter spaces of pica type and one complete revolution of gear 56 corresponds to a movement of 18 letter spaces of elite type by the pointer.

Rotatably supported by the plates 2, Sand il, 5, respectively, are the shafts 59 and 60 upon which are respectively mounted the similar gears 5l and 56 meshing with gears 55 and 56, respectively, and also miter gears 6l and 62 which mesh vwith miter gears 65 and 66, respectively, mounted on' the ends of shafts journalled in the brackets 63 and 6G. On the other ends of these shafts are mounted the miter gears 6l and 68, respectively. The brackets .63 and 66 are mounted by any suitable means on the supporting plates 3, il, respectively. Thus the rotational movement of gear 55 is transmitted through the chain of gears 5l, 6| and 65 to gear 6l, and-the rotational movement of gear 56 is transmitted through the chain of gears 58,'62 and 66 to gear 68. As the gears 51 and 58 are similar, in the present instance, each having 18 teeth of 32 pitch, and as the miter gears 6l, 62, 65, 66, 67 and 68 are similar, in this instance, each having 18 teeth of 48 pitch, the gear 68 .rotates at a faster rate than gear 61 as the pointer 32 moves across the face of the platen I4. In other words, as the gears 55 and 56 are of different diameters, the-ratio of which is equal to the ratio of a unit pica letter space to a unit elite letter space, the angular `movement of the gears- 6l and 58 will be different in the same ratio.

4 and 5. Fixedly attached thereto by means of a set screw 1| is the hub. 12 having an annular groove 13 formed between two flanges 14 and 15.

A yoke 16 is operatively connected with the hubA 12 on one end of a pivoted lever 11, the yoke hav ing fingers 18 which are adapted to engage in the groove 13. The lever 11 is mounted for rotation at 19 on a support 80 attached to the supporting plate 3. Upon movement of lever 11 about its pivot 19, the shaft 10 is caused to move horizontally. Attached to the lever 11 by a screw 8| is a housing member 82 having a spring controlled plunger 83 adapted to engage notches 84, 85 and 86 in the ratchet 81 mounted on the support 80, to hold the lever 11, and hence the shaft 10, in one of three positions. Mounted adjacent to each end of the shaft 10 are miter gears 88 and 89 adapted to respectively engage the miter gears 61, 68 under the control of the lever 11. Thus, according to this arrangement, when lever 11 is so positioned that the plunger 82 engages the notch 85 on the ratchet 81, neither of the gears 88, 89 meshes with its associated gear 61 or 68. When, however, the lever 11 is moved to the left as shown in Fig. 1, so that the plunger 83 engages the notch 84, the `rod 10 is shifted horizontally to the right, thus causing gear 88 to mesh with gear 61. Similarly, when lever 11 is moved to the right, so that the plunger 83 engages the notch 86, gear 89 will be caused to mesh with gear 68. In this Way the rotating movement of either gear 61 or 68 is transmitted to the rotatably mounted shaft 10 depending upon whether the typewritten matter is of the pica or elite type, respectively.

Mounted on the end. of shaft 10 adjacent to the miter gear 88 is adisc or flange 90 having openings therein adapted to receive slidablythe arms 9| extending from a disc or flange 92. Arms 9| are of such length that they do not become disengaged from the openings in the disc 90 when the rod 10 is shifted to the right by the lever 11 to cause the miter gears 61 and 88 to mesh. Disc 92 is rotatably supported on a shaft 93 loosely mounted for rotation on the supporting plate 2. A spring controlled pawl 94 pivoted on the disc 92 (see Fig. 4) is adapted to engage a ratchet 95 xed on the shaft 93 to cause rotation of the latter when the disc is rotating in a clockwise direction only, as viewed in Fig. 4. Attached to the outer end of shaft 93, exteriorly of the supporting plate 2, is a spur gear 96. By this arrangement, the movement of either gear 61 or 68, depending upon which way the lever 11 is thrown, is transmitted to the gear 96 only while the pointer 32 moves from left to right across the faceof the platen I4. While the pointer 32 returns to its starting position, the pawl 94 rides over the teeth of the ratchet 95 without causing rotationof the shaft 93 and the gear 96. A spring controlled pawl pivoted on a disc 98, as shown in Fig. 5, is adapted to prevent the gear 96 and shaft 93 from rotating as the pawl 94 slides over ratchet 95 during the return ofthe pointer 32 to its starting' position.

As shown in Fig. 5, the gear 96, which moves a unit distance corresponding to a unit distance traversed by the pointer 32 in moving over a letter space of either the pica or elite type, depending upon whether it is driven by the gear 61 or the gear 68, is in mesh with an idler gear 91. Gear 91 is rotatably mounted on the disc 98 which is loosely supported by the shaft 93 for a purpose hereinafter explained but normally is held in a predetermined position thereon by a locking screw |01 which extends through a slot |09 in the disc and is in threaded engagement with the supporting plate 2. The idler gear 91 connects the gear 96 with a. gear 99- mounted on a shaft 00 rotatably supported by the supporting plates 2, 3. Gear 99 may be, and preferably is, so designed that one complete revolution corresponds to the number of letter spaces contained in a predetermined printed line. In order to arrive at the dimensions of the gear 99, it is first necessary to make an actual count of the letters, marks and spaces between words (herein called letter spaces) on printed full lines of the medium in which a. manuscript is to be printed and to make that count over an extended number of such printed pages, say ten to twenty. From a large number of countedI lines the average number of letter spaces in the lines of such printed pages is obtained. This theoretical predetermined printed line gives me a yardstick which, I have found, enables me to determine with almost perfect precision o-r accuracy the space which will be occupied in the printed medium by a typewritten manuscript. Having determined the average number of letter spaces contained in full lines of the particular magazine or medium in which the manuscript is to be incorporated, the gear 99 is then designed so that one complete revolution thereof corresponds to the number of letter spaces contained in such predetermined printed line. The same principles apply when the typewritten matter is to be incorporated in a medium having printed type of a. different kind or having a sight page of different dimensions, the construction of the gear 99 depending upon the new predetermined printed line that is obtained.

Attached to the inner end of shaft |00, as shown in Fig. 2, is a cam |0| which is adapted to gradually raise a spring-tensioned, vertically movable rod |02 which passes through a guide |04 attached to the under side of the cover plate I2, as the gear 99 is being rotated, to rock an arm |05 on a counter mechanism |06, mounted on the cover plate |2. Cam |0| is so designed that when the gear 99 has made one complete revolution, the rod |02 has rotated the arm |05 to such a point that the counter mechanism is caused to operate. In this way, there may be registered in the counting mechanism the number of printed lines of a predetermined type and length, that the f typewritten matter in the manuscript will occupy on the printed page.

Gear 99 is interchangeable with other gears, each one of which may be so designed that one complete revolution corresponds to a printed line of a predetermined length having letter spaces of a predetermined type. When it is desired to change the gear 99, the locking screw |01 which holds the disc 98 fixed to the plate 2, is loosened and the disc 98 is moved to the left (see Fig. 5), so that gear 91 becomes disengaged from the When the new gear 99 is inserted in place on the shaft |00, the disc 98 is moved back so that gear 91 meshes with the new gear, whereup'on gear 91 is locked in place by tightening the screw |01.

A milled hand wheel 0 is' provided on the end of shaft |00 to properly position the cam |0| with respect to rod |02, when a new manuscript is placed in the device, so that the parts will properly cooperate to give a true reading as pointer 32 moves from its zero position. The reading in the counter mechanism may be returned to zero by turning the hand wheel as is usual in these devices.

written matter in the pica type is placed in myv device, as shown in Fig. 1 to be analyzed in order to determine the number of printed lines it will occupy in a magazine having lines of a given length and printed in twelve point type. It is fed therein by means of the platen ifi which is manually rotated through the medium of the hand wheels l until the rst typewritten line is in cooperative relation with the end of pointer 32. With the lever il in its neutral position, so that the plunger t3 engages notch t5, the hand crank 5d is turned to bring the pointer S2 to the beginning of the typewritten line on a line with the body of the typewritten matter without regard to paragraph indentation. Assuming that the proper gears Sl and t@ are in position on the device so that one complete revolution of gear 99 corresponds to the number of letter spaces of twelve point type contained in a line of the magazine in which the typewritten matter is to be printed, the milled hand wheel Il@ is turned until the cam lill isv in the position shown Vin Fig. 2 with. respect to the rod m2. Lever il is then moved to theleft about its pivot la to cause the rod l@ to shift horizontally to the right, bringing gear 38 into mesh with gear 6l, to Voperatively connect gear with gear 55. The elements of the device are then ready to begin analyzing the manuscript 26 and are in the positions shown in the drawings. As the gear 39 is not meshing with gear 6B in this position of the lever TF, rotation of gear 56 on the shaft 323 will have no edect on the rod l@ or its connecting elements.

When the operator now turns the hand crank 5@ in a forwardly direction the pointer 32 is caused to move horizontally from left to right comprising the elements S, 9i and @2, the pawl and ratchet 96, 95 respectively and the shaft 93 to the gear 96. The rotation of gear 96 is in turn transmitted through the idler gear 9i to gear 99 which is so designed that one complete revolution corresponds to the number of letter spaces of twelve point type contained in a line of predetermined length. In order to register the number of lines of printed matter that the typewritten matter will occupy, the counter |05 is caused to register every time the gear 99 makes a complete revolution through the medium of cam lill which raises rod-l02 to rotate lever I 85.

When the pointer 32 has reached the extreme right end of the typewritten ine, the crank arm '50 is rotated in a rearwardly direction to bring disc 98 is adapted to prevent rotation of gear 96 in the opposite direction and the spring tensioned pawl gli rides over the teeth of the ratchet 95, while the rotatable disc 92 moves in the opposite direction, the gears 96, 9i, and 99 and the cam itl retain their positions while the pointer 32 is returning to its starting position and continue from that point on when the pointer once more moves from left to right.

The hand wheel l5 is then turned to bring the next line of typewritten matter into cooperative relation with the pointer 32 and the device operates to measure the next line of typewritten matter in terms of printed lines as hereinbefore explained by turning the crank handle in a forwardly direction.

From the foregoing, it will be seen that my lnvention makes it possible for publishers, printers, authors, etc. to determine the number of printed lines of a given length and type that a typewritten manuscript having irregular lines will occupy in a given magazine or periodical.v An editor knowing this information will be enabled to lay out, before printing, the wholeof a book, magazine or periodical, in all their parts with every page as he would like to have it, without incurring the risk of being compelled to reconstruct, re-arrange, and modify the copy when it is returned by the printer. He can determine beforehand the exact number of pages that are to be printed, thus enabling him to determine the number of sheets of paper which will be consumed in the printing of the copies, and thereby enabling him to order his supplies accordingly.

While I have illustrated and described one form of mechanism embodying the invention, it will be understood that various changes in the form, construction and arrangement of the several parts may be resorted to Without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention; hence I do not wish to limit myself strictly to the structure herein set forth. -For example, my device may be employed to count typewritten linesV in terms of type spaces of any size type instead of in terms of printed lines.

I claim:

1. A device for calculating the number of lines that would be occupied in a particular printed medium by irregularly sized lines of typewritten matter in a typewritten manuscript, comprising, in combination, a support for the manuscript, a scanning device associated with said support, mechanism for sweeping such scanning device across said support to scan' the letter spaces in each line of said manuscript, means controlled by said mechanism to move through the same number of unit distances as the number of typewritten letter spaces which said scanning device traverses in one direction, cooperating instrumentalities controlled by said means and arranged to translate the number of unit distances through A of said predetermined printed lines.

2. A device for calculating the number of lines that would be occupied in a particular printed medium by irregularly sized lines of typewritten matter in a type-written manuscript, comprising, in combination, a support for the manuscript, a scanning device .associated with said support, mechanism for sweeping such scanning device across said support to scan the letter spaces in each line of said manuscript, means controlled by said mechanism to move through the same number of unit distances as the number of type- .controlled by said second means and arranged to operate said counting device every time said second-named means has translated the letter spaces scanned by said scanning device into a predetermined printed line.

3. A device for calculating the number of lines that would be occupied in a particular printed medium by irregularly sized lines of typewritten matter in a typewritten manuscript, comprising, in combination, a support, a platen mounted thereon, a pointer adapted to move across the face of said platen so as to scan the letter spaces in each line of the manuscript, mechanism for sweeping said pointer across said platen to scan the letter spaces in the manuscript, means controlled by said mechanism to move through the same number of unit distances as the number of typewritten letter spaces which said pointer traverses in one direction, a second means operatively controlled by said frst-named means to move through a corresponding number of unit distances proportional to the space occupied by an equivalent number of printed letters in a predetermined printed line, a counting device operatively connected to said second-named means and means intermediate said counting device and said second-named means and arranged to cause said counting device to register when said secondnamed means has moved an amount corresponding to the space occupied by said printed letters in a line of predetermined length.

4. A device for calculating the number of lines that would be occupied in a particular printed medium by irregularly sized lines of typewritten matter in a typewritten manuscript, comprising in combination, a support, a platen mounted thereon, a scanning device associated with said platen, mechanism for sweeping said scanning device across the face of said platen to scan the letter spaces in each line of the manuscript, said mechanism including a rotatably supported helically grooved shaft, a gear wheel mounted on said shaft and having the same number of teeth as the number of letter spaces of such typewritten matter which said scanning device will traverse during a single rotation of said grooved shaft, a second gear wheel operatively connected `to said first gear wheel and having a. number of teeth in such relation to said first gear wheel that one revolution thereof corresponds to the number of letter spaces contained in a printed line of a predetermined length and type, means whereby said first gear wheel imparts movement to said second gear wheel only when said scanning device is moving in one direction, a counting device, and means intermediate said second gear wheel and said counting device, controlled by the former and arranged to operate the latter every time said second gear wheel rotates through one revolution.

5. A device for calculating the number of lines that would be occupied in a particular printed medium by irregularly sized lines of typewritten matter in a typewritten manuscript, comprising,

in combination, a support, a platen mounted thereon, a cross-bar and a rotatably supported helically grooved shaft extending in parallel relation with said platen, a block slidably mounted on said grooved shaft and connected with the groove thereof, said block also engaging with said cross-bar, a pointer mounted on said block and operatively associated with said platen, driving mechanism connected to said shaft and operable to cause said pointer to sweep rapidly across the face of said platen, whereby the letter spaces in cach line of the manuscript can be scanned, a gear wheelmounted on said shaft and having the same number of teeth as the number of letter spaces of such typewritten matter which said pointer will traverse during a single rotation of said grooved shaft, a second gear wheel operatively connected to said first gear wheel and rotatable through a unit distance corresponding to the space occupied by a predetermined printed letter as said first gear Wheel is rotating through a unit distance corresponding to the space traversed by said pointer in scanning a single typewritten letter space, means whereby motion of said first gear to said second gear is imparted only while the first gear is rotating in on"l direction, a counting device, and means controlled by said second gear for causing said counter to register when said second gear has moved an amount corresponding to the number of letter spaces contained in a predetermined printed line.

6. A device for calculating the number of lines that would be occupied in a particular printed medium by irregularly sized lines of typewritten matter in a typewritten manuscript, comprising in combination, a support for the manuscript, a scanning device associated with said support, mechanism for sweeping such scanning device across said support to scan the letter spaces in each line of said manuscript, means controlled by said mechanism to move through the same number of unit distances as the number of typewritten letter spaces which said scanning device traverses in scanning one size of type, a second means controlled by said mechanism to move through the same number of unit distances as the number of typewritten letter spaces which said scanning device traverses in scanning another size of type, a third means for translating the number of unit distances through which either said first or second means moves into the number of lines of printed matter of the predetermined size and length to be determined, means selectively operable to connect either said first or said second means to said third means, dei pending on the size of typewritten type being scanned, a counting device, and mechanism controlled by said third means and arranged to operate said counting device every time said third means has translated the letter spaces scanned by said scanning device into a predetermined printed line.

7. A device for calculating the number of lines that would be occupied in a particular printed medium by irregularly sized lines of typewritten mattei' in a typewritten manuscript, comprising, in combination, a support for the manuscript, a scanning device associated With said support, mechanism for sweeping such scanning device across said support to scan the letter spaces in each line of said manuscript, means controlled by said mechanism to move through the same number of unit distances as the number of typewritten letter spaces which said scanning device traverses in one direction, a second means conand synchronous with the rate of movementof said second means and out of phase with the rate of movement of the rst means, said cani being arranged to cause said connecting mechanism to operate said counting device every time said 5 second-named means has translated the letter spaces scanned by said scanning device into a predetermined printed line.

JAMES D. BOLONGARO. 

